ᐅᕙᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ : ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅ » ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᑐᓚᑦᑕᖅᕖᓪᓗ
ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᑐᓚᑦᑕᖅᕖᓪᓗ
ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐊᔅᓱᐊᓗᒃ ᐊᓯᔾᔩᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ 60 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑲᑕ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᔫᒥᓛᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐱᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐊᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᓪᓕᕚᓪᓕᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒡᓲᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᑲᑎᒻᒪᑎᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑯᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᖃᖅᒪᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥᐅᑕᓂᓪᓗ.
1851ᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᓂᐅ ᐃᖕᖓᓚᓐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖓᓄᑦ ᒪᑲᓕᐊᓚᓐ, ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᑯᕙᐃᔪᓪᒥᒃ, ᐊᑲᐅᓛᖑᓂᕋᖅᑐᒍ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓵᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᔅᓵᑯᓪᓗ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓕ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕕᒋᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᕕᔅᓴᑭᑦᑐᓂ; ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᖓᐊᑦ ᐊᔅᓱᕈᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᑎᑭᑉᐸᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒫᔅᓱᓕ ᐊᔅᓱᕈᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕋᓱᑉᐸᓂᕐᖓᑕ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᑯᕙᐃᔪᓪ ᐃᓱᒪᑖᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᕗᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔩᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ; ᑖᓐᓇ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᔮᖅᑯᒻᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᕿᒪᐃᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒦᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᒍᓐᓇᓛᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᕐᓇᐅᓕᕐᒥᑉᐸᓐ. ᓂᐅᓯᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᕿᒻᒥᖅᓲᒧᓐ (ᓂᒥᒐᓐ ᐊᐃᓚᓐ), ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐃᓚᓕᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓯᑦᓂ ᕙᑎᓐᑕᓐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᔪᐊᔾ ᑕᐃᓴᓐᒥᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓕᒻᒪᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᑦᑎᒻᒪᕆᕈᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓕ, ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ, ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᕋᓱᖅᑳᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓂᒃ ᓯᒃᑯᔾᔭᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᕙᕐᕈᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᔪᕋᔅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᐃᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᒪᓛᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓂᕋᑖᒥ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᓐ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓕ, 1857ᒥ, ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᖓᓐ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᐱᐊᓂ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓄᕘᔭᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐃᑉᐹ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ. ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓯᖓᐃᔭᒥ (ᑲᐃᑉ ᕼᐊᐃᕙᓐ) ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᓯᑐᕋᐃᑦᒥ ᑕᐃᑲᓂᓗ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ 1860ᒥᑦ 1905ᒧᓐ, ᑕᐃᑲᓂᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᐅᒃᑲᐅᔾᔨᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ.
1860ᒥ, ᓄᑲᕇᒃ ᐃᐊᑦᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᕆᔅᑕᐳ ᕕ. ᓴᐱᐊᓪ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥᐅᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑳᑉᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᕙᐃᒧᓐ ᐃᓯᖅᑳᑎᖅᐹᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓴᐃᕋᓐ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᐊᑑᓐ ᓚᐃᑦ. ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᑎᐳ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ, ᖃᓂᒋᔭᕈᓗᐊᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔫᑉ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᑐᓚᑦᑕᖅᕕᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᑉ ᐳᓗᑕᓐᒥ, ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᑲᓐᓂᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇᓕ ᐅᖅᓱᕆᐊᖅ (ᒫᐳ ᐊᐃᓚᓐ) ᐊᒥᓱᐊᖅᑎᕐᓗᓂ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓂᖅᐸᓐ, ᓄᓇᒥᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓴᓪᓕᐅᑉ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᐊᓂ (1899), ᕙᐃᔪ ᕙᐃᒥ (1900) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᐃᑉ ᐳᓗᑕᓐ (1913).
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑑᑉ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᓪᓗ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᑕ ᐃᒪᖓᑕ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᒪᑦᔅ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᓕᐅᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐃᒐᖅᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐋᓪᕗᑦ ᕼᐊᐳ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ 1903ᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑐᓂ ᓴᕕᐊᓚᒻ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᑳᑦᑕᓚᓐᒥᐅᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᖑᓕᕐᓂᒃᒥᔪᖅ ᔫᓯᑉ ᐃᐊᓪᓴᐅ ᕘᓐᔭᐃᒧᓐ 1910ᒥ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᕗᓐᔨᐊᕆᐊ. 1914ᒥᓕ ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓄᓕ ᑑᒃ ᒪᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᔪᐊᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᓪᕗᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᔅᓴᒥᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᕙᑕᓐ ᐳᐃᓐᑦᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᒃᑲᓂᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕘᓐᔨᐊᕆᐊᒥᑦ ᕘᓐᔭᐃᒥᑦ. ᒫᓐ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓ ᐱᓕᕆᕕᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᓂᐊᕕᐊᔅᓴᖃᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᕙᐃ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ 1922ᒥ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓄᖑᑕᐅᓕᕐᖓᑕ 1800 ᓄᓐᖑᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᓯᓐᓂᒃ, ᑐᒑᕐᓂᒃ, ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᓲᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᑭᒪᐅᑎᑐᐊᖑᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑐᑭᓕᒥᓂᖅ ᖃᓂᔅᓴᓂᖅᓴᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓂᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐊᖅᕕᓂᐊᖅᕕᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᒋᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ 1900 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕋᑖᒥᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᕙᐃ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᑑᔾᔨᓕᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.