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ᐊᒃᑎᕝ
ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕿᔪᔅᓴᑐᖅᑐᖅ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᓱᓕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᐅᕗᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᖓᓂ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖑᖃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕝᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ 1900 ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᕚᖃᓪᓚᕆᑉᐸᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕋᓛᓄᑦ. ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᖄᖓ ᑐᓪᓕᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓯᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓂᒋᖅᐸᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᓄᖓ ᖃᖏᖅᑐᖅᔪᐊᒧᓐ; ᓄᖅᑲᔾᔮᕙᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᕐᔪᐊᒧᓐ ᑭᒻᒥᕉᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᒧᓐ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓯᓕᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᓂ ᐱᖓᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᒻᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᓐᖏᓂᕐᒥᓂ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᓛᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᓕᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᓯᒃᑯᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑭᕙᓪᓕᕐᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐅᓯᕙᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓂᒋᖓᓄᑦ, ᐊᓪᓛᓪᓗ ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓲᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓐᓂᖃᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ 348 ᑕᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᑭᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ 117 ᐃᓯᒐᐃᑦ, ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᖅ ᐲᑕᕼᐃᐊᑦᒥ ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ 1852ᒥ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑕᐃᕕᑦ ᒍᕋᐃ ᐱᑖᕆᓂᐊᕐᖓᒍ. ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᑎᓪᓗᒍᓕ 1853ᒥ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑑᑉ ᓵᖓᓂ, ᒍᕋᐃ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᓂᕋᖅᑐᓂᐅᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒐᓚᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ. 1867ᒥᓕ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᒍᕋᐃ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᔅᓴᒥᓂᖓ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᐊᓯᐊᓄ ᐲᑕᕼᐃᐊᑦᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᓐ, ᔭᐃ ᕗᕋᐅᓐᒧᓐ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓗ 1871ᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᐅᓯᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓ ᕿᔪᔅᓴᑐᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᑎᖏᕐᕋᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᕿᔪᔅᓴᑐᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᒻᒪᕆᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᑯᓕᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐲᑕᕼᐃᐊᑦᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 1873ᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᔅᓴᐅᑲᓐᓂᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑕᓐᑏᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᓐ.
ᑕᐃᓐᓇᓕ ᐊᒃᑎᕝ ᖁᕕᐊᓇᓐᖏᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᐅᒻᒥᒻᒪᓐ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᐃᔪᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑐᖁᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᒥᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓯᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓ ᐸᓯᑦᑎᓯᕗᑦ ᓄᖑᑎᑦᑎᔪᒥᓂᐅᓂᕋᐃᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓪᓕᕐᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᓴᓪᓕᐅᑉ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᐊᑕᓂ 1902ᒥ 1903ᒥᓗ. 1899ᒥ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔮᓐ ᒧᕆ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑎᓐᓂᕐᒪᓐ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᒥ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᕌᕗᑦ ᑭᓂᔅ ᑕᓐᑎᒥᐅᑕᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᖓᓄᑦ, ᑎᑭᓐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᐸᔪᑦᑐᓂ ᑭᓱᔅᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᓇᔅᓴᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᐸᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔪᐊᔾ ᑰᒧ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ 1902ᒥ ᑕᒫᓃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᓴᓪᓕᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ 70ᐸᓗᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᓄᖑᑕᑦᑎᐊᖑᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓐᓇᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᐃᑦᑐᐃᒍᑕᒥᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᓐ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᖓᓄᑦ.
ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓕ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓱᓕ, ᐋᓕᐊᒃᓵᑐ ᒧᕆ ᓄᑲᖅᑎᖅ, ᑳᑉᑕᒋᔭᐅᓐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᐆᓂᐊᔅ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᒧᓐ, ᑖᓐᓇᐃᓛ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕌᕗᑦ ᑭᓂᔅ ᐃᕐᓂᕇᓄᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒦᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐅᖅᓱᓕᕆᕕᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᐅᔮᕐᒥ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᐅᓯᑲᖅᑕᐅᔾᔨᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐆᓂᐊᔅ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᒥ ᑭᓱᔅᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᔅᓴᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓐᓇᕆᔭᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᓐᓂ ᐅᖅᓱᓂ ᐅᓯᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᓐᑏᒧᓐ. ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᓯᒃᑯᔾᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑎᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᓂᖏᒻᒪᓐ ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᓯᒃᑳᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᑏᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᓯᑯᓚᐅᓐᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ. ᐋᓕᐊᒃᓵᓐᑐ ᒧᕆ ᓄᑲᖅᑎᖅ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᓲᖑᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᖓᑕ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᓕᒫᐸᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᑖᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖃᖅᐸᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᐋᓕᐊᒃᓵᓐᑐ ᒧᕆ ᐊᖏᔪᑦᑎᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥ, ᑕᐃᒫᔅᓴᐃᓇᕐᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓄᑲᖓ ᔮᓐ.
1912ᒥᓕ, ᐋᓕᐊᒃᓵᓐᓄ ᒧᕆ ᓄᑲᖅᑎᖅ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᒍᒪᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐊᑎᓕᒻᒥ ᐃᑐᐃᔪ ᕿᒪᕉᒪᓂᖓᓂ ᐋᑐᕚ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ. ᓅᕖᕝᕙ 11ᒥ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓃᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ "ᑎᒥᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐱᕈᖅᕕᐅᓂᕐᖓᓐ", ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖁᑎᖏᑦ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇᓕ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᒧᕆᐅᑉ ᐃᕐᓂᒥᓂᖓ ᐃᑭᓪᓗᐊᖑᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑭᒻᒥᕈᕐᒥᐅᑕᖅ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓃᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒦᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ, ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒥᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᒥᒃ ᑐᐊᕋᑎ ᕼᐊᓕ ᐄᐳᒥ ᑕᐃᓐᓇᒎᖅ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᒧᕆ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓃᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒻᒥ ᐃᒥᓗᐊᕐᓂᑯᒧᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᓚᔅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ (ᐄᐳ 142). ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᒧᕆᓪᓕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᑕᓯᓐᓇᓕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓ ᑕᓐᑏᒧᓐ.
ᑕᐃᑲᓂᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᒥ, ᐃᓄᐃᒃ ᐋᒃᑎᕝᒦᓐᖔᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᒋᓂᐊᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑎᕆᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᒥ, ᑲᑎᓯᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᕐᓕᓕᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐱᓯᒪᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᕐᓕᓕᖅᑐᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊᒃᑯᒥᓃᑦ ᓄᓕᐊᕇᒃ, ᑕᑲᑕᒃᑯᒃ ᓄᓕᐊᕇᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᖅᑭᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᓅᓱᓐᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᓯᓚᖅᑭ ᕿᑐᕐᖓᑖᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᓕᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊ ᐋᓯᕙᒻᒥᑦ ᑭᓐᖓᕐᓂ. ᐃᓅᖃᑎᓕᒫᖏᒡᒎᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᒥ ᐱᕐᓕᕋᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓄᖑᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ.
ᑏᓰᕝᕙ 25, 1915, ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐋᒃᑎᕝ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᓕᒫᑦᑎᐊᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᐅᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᓄᕌᖅᑐᐊᓘᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᐊᒃᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᑕ ᓵᖓᓂ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓕ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᕙᐃ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓯᔪᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐅᓇᑕᕈᑎᔅᓴᓂᒃ ᐅᓛᓵᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᓂᒃ.