ᐅᕙᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ : ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅ » ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒪᓗ
ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒪᓗ
ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᖃᓯᐅᑎᒻᒥᔫᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᐃᒫᒃ ᔮᓐ ᐳᓪ ( John Bull), ᔮᓂ ᐳᓪ (Johnny Bull), ᓰᒧᐊᕐᓱ (Chimoakjo, Shi-mer-ar-chu), ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖓᓗ, ᐋᓂᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒻᒥᐊᑦᓗ ( Kimmedloo)
ᔮᓂᕘ ᐃᓅᓂᑯ 1840–ᒐᓚᓐᓂ ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒥ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᑯᐸᐃᓪᓗ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᑕ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓚᒋᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓄᑦ ᓱᕈᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᖃᓪᓗᓇᐅᔮᕐᔪᒍᓐᓇᓯᓐᓂᕋᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᐅᓰᔨᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ, ᐅᐱᒋᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᔪᙱᑦᑑᒋᐊᖓ, ᑕᑎᒃᓴᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᒋᐊᖓᓂᒃ, ᓱᓕᔫᒋᐊᖓᓂᒃ, ᐅᒃᐱᕐᓇᕆᐊᖓᓂᓪᓗ. ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᒃᓴᔭᓂᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑖᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᑖᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ. ᐆᒪᔪᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᒍᑎᖃᖅᐸᑦᓱᓂ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ, ᐊᕐᕕᒥᓂᖅᑖᕈᒪᔪᐹᓗᒻᒪᑕ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᔮᓂᕘ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᕋᒥ ᐋᔩᖃᑎᒋᕙᒃᑕᒥᓂᖏᑦ. ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓱᓇᑯᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᐅᔾᔨᕙᓐᓂᕆᐊᖏᑦ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᒍᑎᖃᖅᐸᓐᓂᕆᐊᖓ ᑐᐹᑭᒥᒃ, ᐅᐊᓴᐅᑎᒥᒃ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᒥᒃ, ᓴᕕᓐᓂᒃ, ᐳᐊᓗᓂᒃ, ᐅᔭᒃᓯᐅᑎᓂᒃ, ᐊᖑᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᒃ, ᓂᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᓂᒃ, ᒥᖅᓲᑎᓂᒃ, ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᒃ, ᓴᒃᑯᓂᓪᓗ. ᐅᓪᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᑦᓯᐊᖅᓱᓂ ᑐᒃᓯᕋᓚᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅᑕᐅᖅ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᕿᔪᒃᓯᐅᑎᓂᒃ.
ᔮᓂᕘ ᑲᑎᑎᑕᐅᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᓴᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᖅ ᑭᒪᓗᒥᒃ ᓄᓖᕐᓂᑰᓕᕋᒥ, ᑭᒪᓘᑉ ᖃᑕᙳᑎᖓ ᑯᑯᕐᔭᓐ, ᑐᖁᓐᓂᕐᒪᓐ. ᑭᒪᓗ ᐆᒻᒪᑦᓯᐊᕆᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᓐᓂᖅᑑᓪᓗᓂᓗ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙᒃᓱᓂᓗ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᒪᑦᓯᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓ. ᐃᓅᓂᑰᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᖅ 1845–ᒥ ᐃᕐᓂᐊᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ, ᓂᕕᓴᓪᓘᑉ. ᐊᑖᑕᖓ, ᑲᑦᓛᕐᔪᒃ, ᓂᐅᕐᕈᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖓᓐᓄᑦ. ᑐᖁᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᓇᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ 1860–ᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᒥᓇᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᓂᖏᑕᖓ ᓄᓕᐊᓂ ᑭᒪᓗ ᐊᑕᔪᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᕕᒋᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᓐᓂᕋᓂᐅᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᒥᒃᓵᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᒃᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᕐᒥ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᕕᒋᒍᒫᖅᑕᖓ ᓄᓕᐊᖓᑕ. ᒪᑭᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓃᖅᓱᓂ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᓯᖅᓱᓂᓗ ᑐᖁᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᓱᓂ, ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᔪᒥᓂᐅᓂᕋᖅᑕᖅ "ᑕᑯ ᓯᑯ?" – "ᑕᑯᕕᐅᒃ ᓯᑯ?”
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᕼᐋᓪ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒥᓃ, ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖅ 41
1880–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᒥᓃᒃ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᓯᖓᐃᔭᐅᑉ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᑕ. ᕿᑐᕐᖓᖃᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᒥᒃ, ᑲᓪᓛᕐᔪᖕᒥᒃ, ᓯᒃᑳᑦᓯᒥᐅᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᒥᒃ ᐊᑖᑕᖓᖃᖅᑐᓴᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᖅ. ᑳᐱᑕᐃᑦᑕᐅᖅ, ᔮᓐ ᐅᐊᕐᕆᓐ ᓯᐸᐃᓱ (John Orrin Spicer), ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᓕᒥᓂᖅ ᔮᓂᕘᒥᒃ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ. ᔮᓂᕘᑉ ᐃᓅᓕᕐᕕᒥᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᐃᑎᑕᒥᓂᖏᑦ, ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒧᑦ, ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᑎᖅᐸᑦᓱᒋᑦ, ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᒃ, ᓴᒃᑯᓂᒃ, ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕈᑎᒥᓪᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᒥᒃ. ᐃᖅᑲᓱᕝᕕᒋᓐᓂᕐᒥᔭᕋᓗᐊᖏᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᔭᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐊᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᔪᒪᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐃᑦᑕᒥᐅᑕᐅᖔᕈᒪᒐᒥᒡᒎᖅ ᑐᐱᕐᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑲᑎᓚᕿᒍᑕᐅᕙᒃᓱᑎᒃ. ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᕐᕙᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᖃᑦᑕᕋᔭᕆᐊᖅ, ᑕᐅᖅᓰᒍᑎᒋᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐅᖅᓱᖓ ᓴᐅᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᓯᐸᐃᓱᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒥᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ.
ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᒪᓐ ᔮᓂᕘᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᒌᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᒍᑎᒥᓂᖓᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᐃᑦ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᔮᓂᕘ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᓱᓂ ᐊᑯᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᖃᓕᓚᐅᙱᓂᕐᒥᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᐅᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓄᑦ, ᓴᒡᓗᔪᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᐅᑎᔾᔮᒍᓐᓃᕆᐊᖓ. ᑭᒪᓗ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᖑᖁᔨᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᓕᖅᑭᑦᑖᒃᓱᓂᒋᑦ, ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓐᓂᕋᖅᓱᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᓪᓗᓂᒋᑦ ᓯᐸᐃᓱᒧᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᔮᖏᑦ ᑭᐱᔭᐅᒐᔭᕆᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᕐᓂᕈᓂ.
ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᐊᖏᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᔭᒥᓂᖓ ᔮᓂᕘᑉ ᐃᓚᒌᓪᓗ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓅᕈᓐᓇᕆᐊᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᔮᓂᕘ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᖓᓂ ᐹᓯᑕᓐ (Boston) ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑕᒥᓂᕐᒥ ᒥᒃᓵᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒪᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ. ᐃᓚᒌᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖃᖅᑎᑦᓱᓂᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ, ᐅᒥᐊᒥᒃ, ᕿᒻᒥᒥᓪᓗ. ᓄᓕᐊᖓ ᓯᐸᐃᓲᑉ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᑭᒪᓗᒥᒃ ᓂᖅᓯᐅᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᑦᓱᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᒪᓕᑦᓱᒍ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᐋᑲᕙᐅᑉ ᑭᒻᒥᕈᒻᒥᐅᑉ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓ, “ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᐊᓘᔪᒃᓴᐅᓂᖅᑯᖅ ᔮᓂᕘᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᔪᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 1882–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᔮᓂᕘ ᑭᒪᓗᓗ ᐃᒃᓯᕚᕆᐊᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓐᓂᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᖃᓂᒌᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒻᒥ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᓕᐊᖅᓯᒪᑎᑕᐃᑦ, ᔮᓂᕘ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐸᓚᖅᓯᓐᓂᕋᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᔪᖃᓛᑐᐃᓐᓇᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓱᓕᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕆᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒻᒥ ᓈᓚᑦᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ – ᒪᓕᒃᓱᒋᑦ ᓴᐳᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᒍᑎᖏᑦ – ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᒍᓐᓇᕆᐊᖏᑦ. ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᔪᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᓵᓚᒃᓴᕆᐊᖓ ᑐᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ $6,712–ᓂ, ᑕᐃᒃᓱᒨᓇ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓅᓇᓱᐊᕈᓐᓇᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᕼᐋᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑭᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑭᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᐸᓐᓂᕆᐊᖏᑕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ.
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᐋᑲᕙᒃ ᐄᐳᒦᑦᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᒥᓂᖏᑕ ᐊᑎᖓ, ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ (When the Whalers Were Up North), ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖅ 43
ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᓂᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᕐᒪᑦ, ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᒥᓃᒃ ᓂᓐᓂᐅᖅᑐᒦᖅᑲᐅᒋᐊᒃᓴᖅ ᐃᒻᒧᐊᓐᓂᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑲᓂᐊᒃᑎᑲᒥ (Connecticut). ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᓂᔾᔪᒃ ᖃᓪᓛᕐᔪᒃ ᐸᓂᖓᓗ ᐃᓅᕋᑖᕐᓂᑰᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᖃᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓯᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓐ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᒥᐅᖅ ᐸᓂᒃ, ᑎᖏᕐᕋᐅᑕᐃᓐᓈᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓯᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓐᓄᑦ. ᖃᓪᓛᕐᔪᒃ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᕆᐅᒃᑲᓂᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ, ᕿᑐᕐᖓᖃᓕᕋᒥ ᐸᓂᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᕕᒋᕙᒃᑕᒥᓂᖓ ᑕᑯᒋᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᕐᒥᓂ ᑲᓂᐊᒃᑎᑲᒥ ᐊᒥᓲᓗᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᒻᒪᖅᑯᑎᖃᕐᓂᕆᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᓱᓂ.
1889–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᔮᓂᕘ ᐃᓄᐊᖅᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᑲᑐᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᐊᕈᓐᓇᓯᐊᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐊᓚᐃᙵᒧᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓚᐃᙵ ᓄᓕᐊᖅᑖᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑭᒪᓗᒥᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᔮᓂᕘ ᑐᖁᑕᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ. ᐃᒻᒪᖄ ᓂᙵᐅᒪᔪᓄᑦ, ᓯᓐᓇᔪᓄᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᕘᕋᒋᔭᖃᒧᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᒃ. ᐃᒻᒪᖄ ᐊᓚᐃᙵ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᒃᐱᕆᓐᓂᕋᒥ ᐊᖓᒃᑯᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᙱᒋᐊᒃᓴᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᔮᓂᕘᑉ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᙱᓐᓂᕋᕋᓗᐊᖅᑕᖓᓂᒃ. ᖃᓪᓛᕐᔪᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᑳᐱᑕᐃ ᓯᐸᐃᓱᒥᒃ ᐊᑖᑕᖓᒎᖅ "ᖃᐅᔨᓯᒪᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒪᑦ"
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᑲᓪᓛᕐᔪᖅ ᐄᐳᒦᑦᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ (When the Whalers Were Up North), ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖅ59.