ᐅᕙᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ : ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅ » ᑲᐱᑕᐃᑯᓗᒃ - ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓗᕆ ᑑᒃ ᒪᓐ (1864-1952)
ᑲᐱᑕᐃᑯᓗᒃ - ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓗᕆ ᑑᒃ ᒪᓐ (1864-1952)
ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ 1800ᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ
ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓄᓕ ᕙᑐᒃ ᒪᓐ (ᑲᐱᑕᐃᑯᓗᒃ) ᑕᖃᔪᐃᑦᑑᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᒍᓱᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᒫᐸᓗᒻᒥᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᕐᓂᒃ ᓱᕈᓗᔭᖅᐸᑦᑐᓂ. ᑲᓇᑕᒧᓐ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓐᖓᓚᓐᒥᓐ 22ᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᑦᑎᓕᕐᓂᕆᕗᖅ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᒐᓱᑦᑎᐅᖄᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕙᐸᓗᓂᒃ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᑦᑕᓕᕐᓂᕆᕗᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᒍᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᔫᑳᓐᒥ ᒎᓗᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑐᐊᕕᕋᖅᑐᐊᓘᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑖᕗᖓ ᑖᔅᓴᓐ ᓯᑎᒧᓐ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᓐᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᖅᑐᓂᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒦᓛᒃ ᒎᓗᑕᓕᒃ ᐱᓪᓗᒍ, ᒪᓐ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐅᓇᓕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓕᖅᑎᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᐅᑎᑦᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᐅᑦ ᐋᐳᕆᑲᒥ ᕗᐊ ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓇᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᕿᓂᕈᓘᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᓐᑎᐊᕆᐅ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᓐ ᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ 1908ᒥ, ᑲᑎᔪᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᓐ ᔪᐊᔾ ᕚᑦᓚᑦᒥᑦ, ᐃᕐᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᓐ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᒥᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔮᓐ ᕚᑦᓚᑦᒥᑦ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᕚᑦᓚᑦ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᖁᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᖃᑦᑕᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᑎᒧᓐ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓲᑎᒥ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑐᒥᓂᕐᒥ 1860ᖏᓐᓂ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐊᖑᑎ ᒎᓗᓯᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᕋᖅᑐᓂ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ. ᑕᐃᑲᓂᓪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᖅ ᕌᕗᑦ ᔭᐃᓐᔅ (ᓴᑭᕐᒥᐊᒃ), ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᔫᓯᑉ ᕘᓐᔭᐃᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ 1910ᒥ 1911ᒧᓐ, ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᓴᐃᓐ ᔮᓐᔅᒥ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᒥᓂᒃ ᒎᓗᓯᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᕋᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᑭᓕᑉᔅ ᓴᐅᓐᒥ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᐅᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ. ᒪᓐ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᕚᑦᓚᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒻᒧᓐ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᓂ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᔫᓐ 26, 1912ᒥ, ᒪᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᔪᐊᔾ ᕚᑦᓚᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᓕᒃᑯᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔮᓐ ᕚᑦᓚᑦᒥᑦ, ᐃᐊᔅ ᐃᐊᔅ ᐋᓪᔪᕇᓐ. ᐃᒐᖅᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐋᓪᕗᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᐊᓗᐊᓂ, ᒪᓐ ᑕᑯᕋᓐᓈᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᓂᓗ ᔫᓯᑉ ᕘᓐᔭᐃᑉ ᖃᑭᒪᔪᒻᒪᕆᒻᒥᒃ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑎᕕᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᑕᒫᓂ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᕕᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᒥ. ᕘᓐᔭᐃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ ᐅᑎᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᓂ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑐᓂᐅᒃ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒥᖓᓗ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕌᕗᑦ ᑭᓂᔅ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑕᓐᑏᒥᐅᑕᕐᒥᒃ.
ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒻᒥᒪᓪᓕ ᒪᓐ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑎᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᒃᑲᓂᖅᑐᓂ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᓐ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᓐ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᖓᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᕆᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑎᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᒻᒥᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓪᕗᑦ, ᐊᖁᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᒪᑦᔅᒧᓐ. ᒪᓐ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᒋᐊᓐᖓᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᕙᑕᓐ ᐳᐃᓐᑦᒥ (ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑦ) ᕙᐃᓚᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ 1914ᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖃᐅᔾᔨᐊᓪᓚᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᒫᓂ ᒎᓗᑕᖃᓐᖏᒻᒪᓐ ᓇᓂᔭᔅᓴᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓕ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᖓ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᕋᓱᑉᐸᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑎᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᑐᐊᖅ.
1916ᒥᓕ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐋᓪᕗᑦ ᓇᔅᓴᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᖅᕕᓕᓂᕐᓂᒃ (6) ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒌᓂᒃ ᓴᓪᓖᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᐊᓄᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᑐᕕᐊᓪ (ᓯᕗᑎᒃᓴᖅ) ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᒋᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᕕᓴᐅᓐᓂᖏᒻᒪᓐ, ᒪᓐ ᑐᕕᐊᓪᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᒌᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᑎᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᖅᕕᒻᒧᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒫᓂ ᓄᑖᒥ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᓱᐊᓗᒻᒥ.
ᒪᓐ ᐃᓄᑑᓚᐅᓐᖏᓚᖅ ᑕᑯᔪᓄᑦ ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕕᒻᒪᑕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᑐᒥᑦ. 1919ᒥ ᒪᓐ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒐᖅᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᕘᓐᔭᐃᒥᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓄᑑᔾᔨᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖅᐸᓕᒫᖓᓂ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ 1922ᒥ, ᓵᓐᖓᑦᑎᓕᕋᒥ ᐊᓯᐊᒎᖅᕕᖃᓐᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᕙᐃ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᑑᔾᔨᓕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᓕᒫᖓᓂ, ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓗᓂ ᑑᒃ ᒪᓐ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᔅᓴᓕᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᓕᒫᒥᓂᒃ.