ᐅᕙᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ : ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅ » ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᑦ
ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᑦ
ᐃᒪᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓃᓐᖔᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᕋᐅᔭᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᓱᓪᓗᐊᓗᐊᒍᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᕗᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓄᑦ 300ᖑᓗᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᕋᐅᔭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ 1610ᒥ ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓗᓂ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐃᒪᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᓐ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐊᑎᓕᒻᒥ ᑎᔅᑲᕗᕆᒥᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᓂ. ᐅᒥᐊᕋᓛᒧᓪᓕ ᓂᐅᑎᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂᑦ ᑎᒍᓯᔪᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑎᓐᖐᓇᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎ ᕿᓂᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑎᕕᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᕕᔅᓴᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᑕᒪᐅᓈᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᓈᓐᓴᑦᔅ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇᓕ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᐊᓗᐊᓄᑦ ᑕᒫᓂᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑎᖃᖃᑎᖃᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᑕᐅᓅᓈᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᐃᕖᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᒪᖁᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᑰᔾᔪᐊᕌᓗᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᐃᓐ ᓛᕋᔅᑯᑦ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᑖᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐅᕋᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐃᓐᖓᓚᒥ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑎᓖᑦ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᐊᓗᐊᓂ 1670ᒥ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᕙᐃ ᑳᑉᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦᑕᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᒻᒧᓐ.
ᑕᒫᓂᓕ ᓱᓪᓗᐊᓗᒻᒥ ᓯᑯᖃᒃᑲᐅᓂᖓ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᒎᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ:
ᓱᓪᓗᐊᓘᑉ ᖂᑭᓐᓂᖓ ᕿᑎᕈᔪᐊᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓄᕆᖓ ᓈᒻᒪᓐᖏᒐᐃᒻᒪᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᒃ ᐳᓚᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᓕᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᑯᐃᑦ ᑕᑎᔪᐃᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑉᐸᓐᓂᖓ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᓯᓂᐅᓴᕙᓚᐅᖅᑯᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᑉ ᕿᑎᖓᓃᑦᑑᑉ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᓪᓕᐅᑉ ᓵᕙᔾ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᑉ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖅᐸᒻᒥ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐊᔪᓕᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᓯᒪᔪᖃᖅᑲᓐ ᓯᑯᓂ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᒐᔅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑏᓐᓇᕈᔪᑉᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. (ᕌᔅ 1975:25)
ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓕ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᓄᓇ ᐃᒪᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓃᓐᖔᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᓯᕕᒋᓪᓚᕆᑉᐸᑦᑕᒥᓂᖓ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓃᑦᑐᓴᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᑭᒻᒥᕉᓕᖅᑑᑉ (ᓚᐃᒃ ᕼᐊᕗ). 1877ᒥ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᔮᓐ ᐆ ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔭᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐊᖅᕕᓕᐊᓘᒻᒪᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔫᑉ ᐃᖃᖅᑎᓕᒃ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ. ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᖅᓯᐅᑎᒥᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᕕᖓᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒥᒃ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇᐃᓛᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᑉ ᐱᖓᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᓄᕕᐊᑦᑎᐊᖅ.
ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᓪᓕ ᑭᒻᒥᕈᕐᒥᐅᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᐅᔾᔭᑯᓘᓚᐅᖅᑑᑉ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑐᐊᕋᑎ ᐄᐳᒧᓐ, ᐊᖅᕕᓕᐊᓘᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᒐᓐᖏᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑯᓕᐊᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ. ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓇᑭᕈᓘᔭᕐᒦᖔᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᒡᓵᖑᓕᖅᑲᓐ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᖃᑦᑕᓛᕋᒥᒃ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᓱᕕᐅᕈᓘᔭᖅᑐᒥᓂᐊᓘᓕᖅᑐᓂ. ᖃᑦᑏᓐᓇᕈᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᔮᕇᑦ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. (ᐄᐳ 1989:61-67)
1880ᒥ ᓰ. ᐊᐃ. ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᔅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᖓ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᐋᖅᑮᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᑕᐃᑯᖓᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᕿᒪᐃᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑮᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᐊᒥᐅᑕᐃᓪᓗ ᑕᒫᓂᒥᐅᑕᐃᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓯᕋᐅᑎᖃᑎᖃᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᓐᓇᓕ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᒃ ᕿᒪᑦᑕᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᒥᓂᖅ 1890 ᐱᒋᐊᕋᑖᒥᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖃᕐᖓᓐ ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥ ᓱᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓛᖑᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᐊᖅᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᑎᓪᓕᓐᓂᒥᓂᖅ. 1879 ᕿᑎᐊᓂ, ᔮ ᐆ ᓯᐸᐃᓱ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᓄᑦ ᐄᕋᒧᓐ ᑎᓄᔾᔨᕕᔾᔪᐊᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖅᑖᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᒥᒃ ᔮᓂᕘᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖃᑎᒋᓲᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑕᐅᓄᖓ ᔮᓂᕘ ᐃᓅᕕᒥᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᑕᑲᓇᓂᓗ ᔮᓂᕘ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕈᔾᔨᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᓯᐸᐅᓱᒧᓐ ᓄᑖᒥ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᕕᖓᓂ.
ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓵᒥᓕ 1880ᒥ ᔮᓂᕘᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᖁᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᕌᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᖅᕕᓂᒃ. ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᓯᐸᐅᓱ ᑎᑭᓐᓇᓵᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᐋᒡᒌᓯ 25ᒥ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᓐ, ᓯᑯᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᑖᕈᓐᓇᓂᓐᖏᓐᓇᒥ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓂᒋᖓᓂ. ᑎᑭᒃᑲᒥᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᒫᓃᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᑦ ᓂᐅ ᕕᐊᑦᐳᑦᒥᐅᑖᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃ ᐊᑯᓕᐊᕐᒧᓐ ᑎᑭᓯᒪᓐᓂᕐᖓᑎᒃ ᑎᓪᓕᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᕝᕕᒥᓂᖁᑎᑯᓗᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑳᑉᑕᖏᒃ ᓂᐅ ᕕᐊᑦᐳᑦᒥᐅᑖᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃ ᐋᕕ ᕗᕌᑦᐳᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᔪᐊᔾᔨ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᐊᓕ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᓕᖅᑎᑎᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᔮᓂᕘᒥᒃ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖃᑎᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᓯᐸᐅᓱ ᑎᑭᔾᔮᖏᒻᒪᓐ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᓯᐸᐅᓱ ᐅᑎᕐᖓᓐ ᓚᓐᑕᓐᑖᖅᑲᐅᒧᓐ ᐅᑭᐊᔅᓵᖓᓂ 1880ᒥ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᓖᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐊᑎᓕᒻᒥ ᐄᕋ, ᓰ. ᐊᐃ. ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᔅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᖓᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᓵᓐᖓᔭᐅᓕᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐋᕕ ᕗᕌᑦᐳᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᔨᐊᔾᔨ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᐊᓕ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒻᒪᓐ ᔮᓂᕘ, ᓄᓕᐊᖓᓗ ᑭᒥᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐸᓂᕋᓛᑯᓗᐊ ᑯᓪᓗᐊᕐᔪᒃ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᓯᐸᐃᓲᑉ ᓇᔅᓴᖅᑕᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᓚᓐᑕᓐᑖᖅᑲᐅᒧᓐ ᐅᖃᕆᐊᖅᑐᓂᐊᕐᖓᓐ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᔪᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ 1882ᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒃᑰᕈᑕᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᔮᓂᕘ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᐊᓘᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᔨᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᓄᓪᓗ, ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᐸᐃᓲᑉ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᐅᑎᓕᐅᑉ ᓰ. ᐊᐃ. ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᔅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᔮᓂᕘ ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᔅᓯᒪᓇᑎᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓐ, ᐃᓄᐊᖅᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄ 1889ᒥ. (ᐄᐳ 1989:56)